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Management. In either case, long-range planning ends up cosmos neglected. Neglect of long-range planning usually results in an overemphasis on shot-run control, and therefore less delegation of authority to lower levels of management. This oft has adverse effects on employee motivation and satisfaction. 2.2.7 The Decision qualification Process Decisions should be thought of as means or else than ends. They ar the organizational mechanisms by which an sweat is made to carry through a desired state. They are, in effect, an organizational response to a fuss. every decisions the outcome of a dynamic process that is influenced by a multitude of forces. Although this process is diagrammed in imagine 17-1, it is not a fixed procedure. It is a sequential process rather than a series of steps. This enables us to examine from each integrity element in the normal progression that leads to a decision. Figure 17-1 applies more to non-programmed decisions than to programmed decisions. Problems that go by infrequently, with a great cumulation of uncertainty and risk border the outcome required that the animal trainer utilize the absolute process. For problems that drop dead frequently the entire process is not necessary. If a constitution is established to encompass such problems, managers do not demand to develop and judge alternatives each time a problem of this kind arises Establishing special Goals and objectives and Measuring Results Organizations need goals and objectives in each area where process influences effectiveness. Adequately established goals and objectives will consecrate which results must be achieved and which measures indicate whether those results have been achieved. As sever of the goal and objective-setting process, turn over management must communicate their allowance for experimentation and mishap on the part of subordinates. In the absence seizure of such communication, middle and lower level managers wi ll attempt to zero-out risk, a situation tha! t involves avoiding any potential failures 9and...If you want to learn a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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